Agentic Finance

The Agentic Economy: How Autonomous Systems Will Transact

Autonomous software is beginning to initiate payments, hold value and negotiate terms on behalf of people and businesses. This paper examines the identity, authorization and settlement infrastructure that machine-initiated commerce requires, and what financial institutions should put in place before that volume arrives.

38 pages · Published August 12, 2026

Overview

Financial systems were designed around a human being present at the moment of payment. Authentication, consent and dispute handling all assume a person who can be challenged, informed or asked to confirm.

Autonomous agents break that assumption. They act continuously, at machine speed, across many counterparties, and they will increasingly do so with delegated financial authority.

This paper sets out the infrastructure required for that transition: verifiable machine identity, delegated and revocable authorization, programmable spend policy enforced before authorization, and a ledger able to explain every machine-initiated movement after the fact.

Key topics

What the paper covers

Machine Identity

Why agents need first-class, verifiable identity distinct from the human or organization that delegated authority to them.

Delegated Authorization

Scoped, expiring and revocable permissions as the control surface for machine-initiated payments.

Programmable Policy

Spend rules evaluated before authorization rather than reported after settlement.

Settlement at Machine Speed

How high-frequency, low-value agent transactions change assumptions about batching, netting and finality.

Auditability

Reconstructing intent, delegation and execution for every autonomous transaction.

Institutional Readiness

A staged path for banks, fintechs and enterprises to support agent-initiated activity safely.

Takeaways

What you'll learn

  • Why existing authentication models do not extend to autonomous agents
  • How to structure delegated financial authority with clear revocation paths
  • Where policy enforcement belongs in an agent payment flow
  • What auditability requires when no human was present at the transaction
  • How to sequence institutional readiness without pausing existing roadmaps

Authors

jStack Research

Financial Infrastructure Research

The jStack research group studies how payment, wallet and settlement infrastructure evolves across emerging and established markets.

Infrastructure Practice

Platform Architecture

Engineers and architects who design ledger, orchestration and settlement systems for regulated financial deployments.

Discuss the research

Talk to the team about how these findings apply to your infrastructure roadmap.